| Space Launch Report: Ariane 5 Data Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Ariane 5
Ariane 5G+ (L518/V158) Orbited Rosetta in 2004 (Click for Larger Image) Ariane 5 was developed by the European Space Agency to replace Arianespace's Ariane 4 commercial satellite launcher. The big rocket was originally sized to launch a pair of satellites each weighing 2 to 3 metric tons (tonnes) to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). It was subsequently upgraded to handle dual 4 to 5 tonne payloads. Ariane 5 uses 2.5 stages and four propulsion units. At liftoff, its twin segmented solid motors provide more than 500 tonnes thrust each to augment the single core stage Vulcain LOX/LH2 engine's 110 tonnes of thrust. The original Ariane 5 G ("Generic") version used a hypergolic EPS second stage with a 2.6 tonne thrust Aestus engine. Ariane 5 ECA uses an "E" ("Evolution") core stage, powered by an upgraded Vulcain 2 of 138 tonnes thrust, and an ESC-A upper stage. ESC-A is an upgraded Ariane 4 LOX/LH2 third stage with a 6.4 tonne thrust HM7B engine. Slightly upgraded solid motors were also developed to power the "E" vehicles. Ariane 5 ECA can boost about 10 tonnes to GTO, including satellite adapter hardware. It stands nearly 58 meters tall with a long payload fairing. Future plans call for development of a new 15 tonne thrust, restartable Vinci engine to replace the HM7B engine. The reengined stage, named ESC-B, will create an upgraded Ariane 5 ECB capable of lifting 12 tons to GTO. Ariane 5 ECB may enter service in 2017 or 2018. A fourth Ariane 5 variant, named Ariane 5 ES(V) (also called Ariane 5 "Versatile"), flew for the first time in March 2008. This version uses the "E" core stage and the same solid rocket boosters as the Ariane 5 ECA. Ariane 5 ES(V) uses an Aestus-powered storable propellant (EPS-V) stage that can carry as much as 10 tons of propellant, 0.3 tons more than the initial model, although smaller propellant loads are used for low earth orbit missions. Unlike earlier "G" model EPS stages, the "ES(V)" EPS-V stage can be restarted. Ariane 5 ES(V) was developed to launch Europe's 20 ton ATV automated cargo carrier to the International Space Station (ISS). Two interim G-series models appeared during the G to E transition period. Ariane 5G+ was a standard Generic model topped by the 10-ton propellant EPS upper stage that flew during 2004. Ariane 5GS added the improved E-class solid motors to the G+ configuration.
Ariane 5's solid boosters are produced adjacent to the new ELA-3 launch site at Kourou Space Center, stacked in a dedicated building on a launcher platform, then rolled to the launcher integration building. There, the first and second stages are mated. Although the site is designed to support 6-8 Ariane 5s per year, only 3 were launched each year during the 2002 to 2004 period. Ariane 5 qualification testing began inauspiciously on 4 June 1996, when Ariane 501 exploded 39 seconds after launch from Kourou. A guidance system failure was blamed. Successor Ariane 502 made it to orbit on 30 October 1997, but first stage roll-control problems caused a slight loss of velocity and the test payloads fell just short of their planned geosychronous transfer orbit (GTO). Ariane 503 finally qualified the vehicle with a successful flight on 21 October 1998. All three of the test flights carried dummy or experimental payloads. Ariane 504 inaugurated commercial service on 1999 December 10 when it orbited ESA's 3,764 kg X-Ray Multi-Mirror spacecraft. The Ariane 5 G/G+/GS series ended its run in 2009 after achieving 22 successes in 25 attempts and ending with 15 consecutive successes. A failed Vulcain-2 engine doomed the inaugural Ariane 5 ECA flight (Ariane 517) on December 11, 2002, destroying the Hotbird 7 communications satellite. After an extensive Vulcain-2 redesign and testing effort, Ariane 5 ECA finally flew successfully on February 12, 2005 when Ariane 521 boosted XTAR-EUR and MaqSatB2 into GTO. By early 2014, the Ariane 5 ECA series had achieved 41 consecutive successes after the single, inaugural failure, establishing itself as one of the world's most reliable launch vehicles. The first Ariane 5 ES flight, the March 9, 2008 V-181
mission, successfully orbited 19.012 tonne ATV-1 "Jules Verne" into a 51.6
deg low earth orbit.
* GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
Vehicle Components, Cont'd
Ariane 5 Launch History DATE VEHICLE ID PAYLOAD MASS(t) SITE* ORBIT** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 04/06/96 Ariane 5G L501 V89/Cluster FM1-4 4.80 KO 3 [FTO][1] 10/30/97 Ariane 5G L502 V101/MaqSat H/B/Teamsat 4.98 KO 3 [EEO][2] 10/21/98 Ariane 5G L503 V112/Maqsat 3/ARD 5.40 KO 3 GTO [3] 12/10/99 Ariane 5G L504 V119/XRMM 3.80 KO 3 HTO 03/21/00 Ariane 5G L505 V128/Insat 3B/Asiastar 4.836 KO 3 GTO 09/14/00 Ariane 5G L506 V130/Astra-2B/GE-7 5.30 KO 3 GTO 11/16/00 Ariane 5G L507 V135/PAS-1R/AmSat-3D 5.608 KO 3 GTO 12/20/00 Ariane 5G L508 V138/Astra 2D/GE-8 3.701 KO 3 GTO 03/08/01 Ariane 5G L509 V140/Eurobird/Bsat-2a 4.368 KO 3 GTO 07/12/01 Ariane 5G L510 V142/Artemis/BSat2B 4.403 KO 3 [EEO][4] 03/01/02 Ariane 5G L511 V145/Envisat 8.111 KO 3 LEO/S 07/05/02 Ariane 5G L512 V153/Stellat 5/NStar C 5.72 KO 3 GTO 08/28/02 Ariane 5G L513 V155/Atlanic Bird 1/MSG 1 4.72 KO 3 GTO 12/11/02 Ariane 5 ECA L517 V157/HotBird 7/Stentor 5.547 KO 3 [FTO][5] 04/09/03 Ariane 5G L514 V160/Insat 3A/Galaxy 12 4.708 KO 3 GTO 06/11/03 Ariane 5G L515 V161/Optus C1/BSat 2C 6.023 KO 3 GTO 09/27/03 Ariane 5G L516 V162/Insat 3E/eBird/SMART 1 4.635 KO 3 GTO 03/02/04 Ariane 5G+ L518 V158/Rosetta 3.011 KO 3 HCO 07/18/04 Ariane 5G+ L519 V163/Anik F2 5.950 KO 3 GTO 12/18/04 Ariane 5G+ L520 V165/Helios 2A 4.2 KO 3 LEO/S 02/12/05 Ariane 5 ECA L521 V164/XTAR-EUR/MaqSat B2 7.379 KO 3 GTO 08/11/05 Ariane 5 GS L523 V166/iPStar 1 6.485 KO 3 GTO 10/13/05 Ariane 5 GS L524 V168/Syracuse3A/Galaxy15 5.758 KO 3 GTO 11/16/05 Ariane 5 ECA L522 V167/Spaceway2/Telkom2 8.095 KO 3 GTO 12/21/05 Ariane 5 GS L525 V169/MSG-2/Insat-4A 5.115 KO 3 GTO 03/11/06 Ariane 5 ECA L527 V170/Hotbird 7A/SpainSat 7.78 KO 3 GTO 05/27/06 Ariane 5 ECA L529 V171/Satmex 6/Thiacom 5 8.23 KO 3 GTO 08/11/06 Ariane 5 ECA L531 V172/Syracuse 3B/JCSAT 10 7.80 KO 3 GTO 10/13/06 Ariane 5 ECA L533 V173/DirecTB9S/OptusD1 8.18 KO 3 GTO 12/08/06 Ariane 5 ECA L534 V174/Wildblue 1/AMC-18 6.82 KO 3 GTO 03/11/07 Ariane 5 ECA A535 V175 Skynet 5A/Insat 4B 7.67 KO 3 GTO 05/04/07 Ariane 5 ECA A536 V176 Astra 1L/Galaxy 17 8.60 KO 3 GTO 08/14/07 Ariane 5 ECA A537 V177 Spaceway 3/BSAT 3A 8.06 KO 3 GTO 10/05/07 Ariane 5 GS A526 V178 Intelsat 11/Optus D2 4.85 KO 3 GTO 11/14/07 Ariane 5 ECA A538 Skynet5B/StarOne(V179) 8.735 KO 3 GTO 12/21/07 Ariane 5 GS A530 V180/RAscom 1/Horizons 2 5.464 KO 3 GTO 03/09/08 Ariane 5 ES L528 V181/ATV-1 Jules Verne 19.01 KO 3 LEO/ISS 04/18/08 Ariane 5 ECA L529 V182/VINASAT 1/StarOne C2 6.74 KO 3 GTO 06/12/08 Ariane 5 ECA L540 V183/Skynet5C/Turksat3A 7.75 KO 3 GTO 07/07/08 Ariane 5 ECA L541 V184/ProtoStar 1/BADR 6 7.537 KO 3 GTO 08/14/08 Ariane 5 ECA L542 V185/Superbird 7/AMC 21 7.27 KO 3 GTO 12/20/08 Ariane 5 ECA L543 V186/Hotbird9/W2M 8.34 KO 3 GTO 02/12/09 Ariane 5 ECA L545 V187/Hotbird 10/NSS 9 7.422 KO 3 GTO 05/14/09 Ariane 5 ECA L546 V188/Herschel/Plank 5.32 KO 3 HTO 07/01/09 Ariane 5 ECA L547 V189/TerreStar 1 6.91 KO 3 GTO 08/21/09 Ariane 5 ECA L548 V190/JCSAT 12/Optus D3 4.5 KO 3 GTO 10/01/09 Ariane 5 ECA L549 V191/Amazonas 2/GMS 8.0 KO 3 GTO 10/29/09 Ariane 5 ECA L550 V192/NSS 12/Thor 6 8.675 KO 3 GTO 12/18/09 Ariane 5 GS L551 V193/Helios 2B 4.2 KO 3 LEO/S 05/21/10 Ariane 5 ECA L551 V194/Astra3B/COMSATBw2 7.97 KO 3 GTO 06/26/10 Ariane 5 ECA L552 V195/Arabsat5A/COMS1 7.4 KO 3 GTO 08/04/10 Ariane 5 ECA L554 V196/RascomQAF1R/COMS 6.25 KO 3 GTOS 10/28/10 Ariane 5 ECA L555 V197/W3B/BSAT 3b 7.43 KO 3 GTO 11/26/10 Ariane 5 ECA L556 V198/Intelsat17/Hylas1 8.08 KO 3 GTO 12/29/10 Ariane 5 ECA L557 V199/Hispasat1E/KoreaSat6 8.17 KO 3 GTO 02/16/11 Ariane 5 ES L544 V200/ATV-2 Johannes Kepler 19.7 KO 3 LEO/ISS 04/22/11 Ariane 5 ECA L558 VA201/Yahsat1A/IntelsatND 8.97 KO 3 GTO 05/20/11 Ariane 5 ECA L559 VA202/ST2/GSAT 8 8.19 KO 3 GTO 08/06/11 Ariane 5 ECA L560 VA203/Astra 1N/BSat 3c 8.26 KO 3 GTO 09/21/11 Ariane 5 ECA L561 VA204/Arabsat 5C/SES-2 7.85 KO 3 GTO 03/23/12 Ariane 5 ES L553 VA205/ATV-3 Edoardo Amaldi 19.714 KO 3 LEO/ISS 05/15/12 Ariane 5 ECA L562 VA206/JCSAT13/VINASAT2 7.5 KO 3 GTO 07/06/12 Ariane 5 ECA L563 VA207/Echostar 17/MSG 3 8.13 KO 3 GTO 08/02/12 Ariane 5 ECA L564 VA208/Intelsat 20/Hylas2 9.4 KO 3 GTO 09/28/12 Ariane 5 ECA L565 VA209/Astra 2F/GSat 10 9.4 KO 3 GTO 11/10/12 Ariane 5 ECA L566 VA210/Eutlst21B/Star1-C3 8.24 KO 3 GTO 12/19/12 Ariane 5 ECA L567 VA211/Skynet 5D/Mexsat 3 7.80 KO 3 GTO 02/07/13 Ariane 5 ECA L568 VA212/Amazonas 3/Azerspace 9.265 KO 3 GTO 06/05/13 Ariane 5 ES L592 VA213/ATV-4 Albert Einstein 19.89 KO 3 LEO/ISS 07/25/13 Ariane 5 ECA L569 VA214/Alphasat XL/Insat 3D 8.77 KO 3 GTO 08/29/13 Ariane 5 ECA L570 VA215/Eutelsat 25B/Gsat 7 8.96 KO 3 GTO 02/06/14 Ariane 5 ECA L572 VA217/ABS2/Athena-Fidus 9.41 KO 3 GTO 03/22/14 Ariane 5 ECA L571 VA216/Astra 5B/Amaz. 4A 8.662 KO 3 GTO 07/29/14 Ariane 5 ES L593 VA219/ATV 5 19.926 KO 3 LEO/ISS 09/11/14 Ariane 5 ECA L573 VA218/Measat 3b/Optus 10 9.157 KO 3 GTO 10/16/14 Ariane 5 ECA L574 VA220/Intelsat 30/Arsat 1 9.293 KO 3 GTO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] First Ariane 5 test flight. Control lost 37 seconds after liftoff at 3.7 km altitude, causing vehicle break up and destruction. Inertial Reference System failed due to a software exception resulting from floating point Operand error. Cause was result of specification and design errors in the software of the inertial reference system, due to decision to reuse Ariane 4 flight software. [2] First stage rolled causing Vulcain main engine to shut down 10-20 seconds early. Test flight payloads were left near 535 x 26,631 km x 7.79 deg orbits, lower than planned GTO. [3] Successful test flight put 2.6 tonne Maqsat 3 dummysat into GTO. The 2.8 tonne Advanced Reentry Demonstrator (ARD), released after Stage 1 separation, flew a suborbital reentry test to 830 km apogee, splashed down 1 hour 41 minutes after liftoff in the Pacific Ocean between the Marquises and Hawaii, and was recovered a few hours later. [4] Storable Propellant Stage (EPS) Stage 2 Aestus engine burned at only 80% thrust and cutoff 80 seconds early, leaving payload in 592 x 17,528 km x 2.9 deg orbit, far from planned 858 x 35,853 km x 2 deg geosynchronous transfer orbit. Cause identified to be combustion instability at Aestus ignition, which led to low thrust and premature depletion of N2O4 or MMH propellant. Water vapor in propellant lines may have caused instability. [5] First Ariane 5 ECA failed when Vulcain 2 core engine suffered cracked cooling tubes. Failure in engine began at T+96 sec. Thrust fluctuations began at T+178 sec. RSO at T+456 sec. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- References Ariane 5 User's Manual, Arianespace, November 2004 |
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