| Space Launch Report: R-7/Soyuz Data Sheet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 R-7/Soyuz
Launch History Since January 1, 2000 The Soyuz launcher is the latest in a remarkable series of rockets based on Korolev's original R-7 (Semyorka). R-7 was the first intercontinental ballistic missile, able to hurl heavy thermonuclear warheads to U.S. cities. R-7-based launchers launched the first earth orbiting satellite, boosted the first man into space, and sent the first spacecraft to the Moon, to Venus, and into solar orbit. Taken together, all R-7 types have logged more than 1,800 launches since 1956, far more than any other space launcher. Soyuz, the current three-stage version, has flown more than 860 times since its first launch in 1965. The Soyuz rocket is best known for boosting manned Soyuz and unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft into low earth orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, but many more have launched reconnaisance and scientific satellites from both Baikonur and from Russia's once secret Plestesk Northern Cosmodrome. Soyuz can put more than 7 metric tons into low earth orbit (LEO). Molniya, a four stage R-7 variant most often used to boost communication satellites into highly elliptical 12-hour orbits, flew more than 300 times from Plestesk since 1960. Molniya could boost about 2 tons into the high-inclination 12-hour "Molniya" orbit. It was replaced by Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat variants after 2010. A new serial-stage Soyuz 2-1v variant, without
boosters, that used a single NK-33A main engine on its first stage was planned to enter
service in 2013 or 2014. In 1996, Starsem, a Russian-European joint venture, was established to market the Soyuz launcher for commercial use. Starsem, headquartered in Paris, France, and owned by EADS (35%), Arianespace (15%), the Russian Aeronautics and Space Agency, Rosaviacosmos (25%), and the Samara Space Center, TsSKB-Progress (25%). Starsem funded development of two new restartable fourth stages, Ikar and Fregat, and bankrolled improvements to the Soyuz launcher. The base Soyuz-U was initally upgraded to become Soyuz-FG with more powerful booster and core stage engines. Meanwhile, development of the Soyuz-ST series (initiated with Soyuz-2-1a and Soyuz-2-1b upgrades), with a larger payload fairing, upgraded digital control system, and more efficient upper stage engine, was begun. Ikar, used for six Globalstar constellation launches
in 1999, was supplanted by the more powerful Fregat in 2000. With Fregat, the Soyuz launch
vehicle can perform commercial missions to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or can
boost civilian reseach spacecraft into deep space. With continued use by the Russian
government, for International Space Station (ISS) missions, and for Starsem commercial
missions (which include European Space Agency flights), Soyuz/Molniya continues to be the
world's busiest space launcher, flying 10-15 times per year.
Each booster carries its own LOX in a forward, tapered tank and kerosene in a cylindrical, aft tank. The core stage aft kerosene tank is nestled within the boosters at liftoff, while the larger diameter core LOX tank is positioned above the booster attach points. The boosters (first stage) shut down and fall away after 118 seconds. The core (second) stage continues its burn, shutting down 286 seconds (Soyuz-U) or 290 seconds (Soyuz-FG and Soyuz-ST) after ignition. The Soyuz third stage, powered by a single RD-0110 LOX/kerosene engine composed of four, fixed main thrust chambers and four gimballed verniers, ignites while attached to the first stage. A lattice structure allows exhaust gases to escape during the start sequence. After staging, a three-part aerodynamic skirt, below the LOX tank at the base of the third stage, is jettisoned. On a three-stage mission, RD-0110 provides 30.4 tons thrust for about 240 seconds to inject itself and its payload into orbit. On a four-stage flight, two options are available. The third stage can either propel Fregat into orbit or Fregat can perform an initial burn to reach orbit, leaving the third stage to fall back to earth on a suborbital trajectory. Soyuz-2-1a first flew on a successful suborbital test flight from Plestesk in November 2004. Its first Baikonur launch for Starsem was planned for mid-2006. The upgraded design features a new digital control computer and inertial measurement unit. The new control systems allow Soyuz to perform in-flight roll and dog-leg maneuvers for the first time. Previously, R-7 launchers were rotated on the pad to the proper flight azimuth prior to launch. Soyuz-2-1a can also be fitted with the new 4.1 meter diameter "ST" payload fairing. A more powerful RD-0124 staged-combustion engine
replaced RD-0110 on the Soyuz-2-1b variant, which debuted in December, 2006.
RD-0124 produces about the same thrust as RD-0110, but at 34 seconds higher specific
impulse so that the engine can burn longer using the same amount of propellant. With
the new engine, Soyuz 2-1b can lift up to 8.5 tonnes to low earth orbit from Baikonur and
more than 9 tonnes from Kourou. With a Fregat upper stage, the upgraded launcher can
boost 3 tonnes to geosynchronous transfer orbit from Kourou, allowing it to carry as much
mass as some Ariane 4 versions.
The Soyuz launch vehicle and its payload are integrated horizontally in a hanger. The rocket is moved by rail and erected on the pad only two days before launch. Starsem's Soyuz/Fregat flies from Baikonur Area 31/Pad 6. Soyuz/Molniya Russian government missions continue from Baikonur Area 1/Pad 5 and from Plestesk Area 16/Pad 2 and Area 43/Pads 3 and 4.
A new Soyuz Launch Complex (ELS) was constructed at the Guiana Space Center (CSG) at kourou, French Guiana in South America. ELS was designed to handle Soyuz-2-1a and 2-1b. It supported its first launch on October 21, 2011, when a Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat launched two European Galileo navigation satellites. Arianespace was the contracting authority for the mission. Russia's TsSKB Progress and NPO Lavochkin built the rocket and performed launch and flight operations. Russia's TsENKI also performed launch operations. The Soyuz
Launch Complex at Kourou is similar to Soyuz sites at Baikonur and Plesetsk, but features
an additional mobile service tower used to vertically mate the payload to the rocket on
the pad.
Soyuz 2-1v is a serial-stage small payload launch
vehicle derived from the R-7 family. It dispenses with the four strap-on first stage
booster rockets that have powered R-7 since its original development. The first
stage is newly developed except for the top portion of the upper LOX tank, which is
borrowed from the Soyuz 2-1b core stage. A single, fixed NK-33A main engine is
augmented by an RD-0110R steering engine that uses four single-axis pivoting nozzles. The
second stage is the same as the existing Soyuz 2-1b third stage.
Russia's Soyuz 2-1v, a new small satellite launch
vehicle, achieved success during its inaugural launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on December
28, 2013. The two stage rocket, topped by a multiple-restart capable Volga third stage for
orbit trim maneuvers, carried the 50 kg Aist satellite and two lightweight SKRL-765 radar
calibration spheres into a roughly 600 x 625 km x 82.42 deg orbit following a 12:30 UTC
liftoff from Site 43 Pad 4. The first two stages lifted Volga and its payloads into an
initial roughly 260 x 600 km x 82.43 deg transfer orbit. Volga fired at apogee to
circularize the orbit. Spacecraft separation occurred at about 14:10 UTC. The first stage kerosene tank and the lower part of the LOX tank are 2.66 meters in diameter, fatter than the old Soyuz core's 2.15 meters diameter. The common upper tank section still flares out to 2.95 meters in diameter, allowing both Soyuz launcher types to share launch pad equipment. The first stage burns for about 250 seconds.
The Blok I second stage, which is also powered by a staged combustion LOX/kerosene engine,
burns for about 270 seconds. Soyuz 2-1v plans call for the NK-33A engine to be replaced by a more powerful Energomash RD-193 engine derived from the RD-191 Angara engine, which in turn was derived from the RD-170/180 family that power Zenit and Atlas 5 rockets. The decision to use RD-193 rather than restarting long-shelved NK-33A production will also likely affect the Orbital Sciences Antares rocket, which is currently using up a dwindling stock of refurbished NK-33 engines.
Vehicle Components Cont'd
Soyuz-U Launch Sequence (Typical)
R-7 Launch History Since January 1, 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE VEHICLE ID PAYLOAD MASS(t) SITE* ORBIT**
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
02/01/00 Soyuz-U 1642 Progress M1-1/Mir boost 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/Mir
02/08/00 Soyuz-U/Fregat ST07 Dummysat/IRDT TB 31/6 LEO
03/20/00 Soyuz-U/Fregat ST08 Cluster-2 dummysats TB 31/6 EEO
04/04/00 Soyuz-U 1645 Soyuz TM-30 (Mir-28 Crew) TB 1/5 LEO/Mir
04/25/00 Soyuz-U 1646 Progress M1-2/Mir supply 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/Mir
05/03/00 Soyuz-U 1647 Kosmos 2370 TB 1/5 LEO
07/16/00 Soyuz-U/Fregat ST09 Cluster 2 (FM6/FM7) TB 31/6 EEO
08/06/00 Soyuz-U 1649 Progress M1-3 (ISS-1P) 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
08/09/00 Soyuz-U/Fregat ST10 Cluster 2 (FM5/FM8) TB 31/6 EEO
09/29/00 Soyuz-U 1651 Kosmos 2373 (Yantar) 6.6 TB 31/6 LEO
10/16/00 Soyuz-U 1652 Progress M43 (Mir) TB 1/5 LEO/Mir
10/31/00 Soyuz-U 1653 Soyuz TM-31/ISS-2R TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/16/00 Soyuz-U 1654 Progress M1-4 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
01/24/01 Soyuz-U 1655 Progress M1-5 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/Mir
02/26/01 Soyuz-U 1656 Progress M-44/ISS3P TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/28/01 Soyuz-U 1657 Soyuz TM-32 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/20/01 Soyuz-FG 1658 Progress M1-6/ISS4P 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/29/01 Soyux-U 1659 Kosmos 2377 PL 43/4 LEO
07/20/01 Molniya-M 1660 Molniya 1K PL 43/4 EEO
08/21/01 Soyuz-U 1662 Progress M-45/ISS5P TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/14/01 Soyuz-U 1663 Pirs (ISS-4R) TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/21/01 Soyuz-U 1664 Soyuz TM-33 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/25/01 Molniya-M 1665 Molniya-3 PL 43/3 EEO
11/26/01 Soyuz-FG 1666 Progress M1-7/ISS6P 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/25/02 Soyuz-U 1667 Kosmos 2387 PL 43/3 LEO
03/21/02 Soyuz-U 1668 Progress M1-8(ISS-7P) 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/01/02 Molniya-M 1669 Kosmos 2388 PL 16/2 EEO/M
04/25/02 Soyuz-U 1670 Soyuz TM-34(ISS-4S) TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/26/02 Soyuz-U 1671 Progress M-46(ISS8P) TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/25/02 Soyuz-FG 1672 Progress M1-9 7.15 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/15/02 Soyuz-U 1673 Foton M-1 6.41 PL 43/3 [FTO] [1]
10/30/02 Soyuz-FG 1674 Soyuz TMA-1 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/24/02 Molniya-M 1675 Kosmos 2393 (US-K) 1.9 PL 16/2 EEO/M
02/02/03 Soyuz-U 1676 Progress M47 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/02/03 Molniya-M 1677 Molniya-1T 92 1.66 PL 16/2 EEO/M
04/26/03 Soyuz FG 1678 Soyuz TMA-2 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/02/03 Soyuz-FG/Fregat ST11 Mars Express 1.12 TB 1/5 HCO
06/08/03 Soyuz U 1679 Progress M1-10 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/19/03 Molniya M 1680 Molniya 3-53 1.60 PL 43/3 EEO/M
08/12/03 Soyuz-U 1681 Kosmos 2399 6.70 TB 31/6 LEO
08/29/03 Soyuz-U 1682 Progress M-48 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/18/03 Soyuz-FG 1683 Soyuz TMA-3(ISS7S) 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/27/03 Soyuz-FG/Fregat ST12 AMOS 2 1.40 TB 31/6 GTO+
01/29/04 Soyuz-U 1685 Progress M1-11(ISS13P) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/18/04 Molniya M 1686 Molniya 1T 93 1.9 PL 16/2 EEO/M
04/19/04 Soyuz-FG 1687 Soyuz TMA-4 (ISS8S) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/25/04 Soyuz-U 1688 Progress M-49 (ISS14P) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
08/11/04 Soyuz-U 1689 Progress M-50 (ISS15P) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/24/04 Soyuz-U 1690 Kosmos 2410 6.7 PL 16/2 LEO
10/14/04 Soyuz FG 1691 Soyuz TMA-5 (ISS9S) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/08/04 Soyuz-2-1A 1692 Oblik GVM (Test Flt) 6.5 PL 43/4 SUB [2]
12/23/04 Soyuz-U 1693 Progress M-51 7.5 TB 5/1 LEO/ISS
02/28/05 Soyuz-U 1694 Progress M52(ISS17P) 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/14/05 Soyuz FG 1695 Soyuz TMA-6 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/31/05 Soyuz-U 1696 Foton M-2 6.5 TB 1/5 LEO
06/16/05 Soyuz-U 1697 Progress M-53(ISS18P) 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/21/05 Molniya M 1698 Molniya 3K 1.7 PL 16/2 [FTO] [3]
08/13/05 Soyuz-FG/Fregat ST13 Galaxy 14 2.1 TB 31/6 GTO+
09/02/05 Soyuz-U 1700 Kosmos 2415 (Kometa) 6.6 TB 31/6 LEO
09/08/05 Soyuz-U 1701 Progress M-54 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/01/05 Soyuz-FG 1702 Soyuz TMA-7 (ISS11S) 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/09/05 Soyuz FG/Fregat ST14 Venus Express 1.3 TB 31/6 HCO
12/21/05 Soyuz U 1704 Progress M-55/ISS-20P 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/28/05 Soyuz FG/Fregat ST15 GIOVE-A 0.6 TB 31/6 MEO
03/30/06 Soyuz FG 1706 Soyuz TMA-8 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/24/06 Soyuz U 1707 Progress M-56 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO /ISS
05/03/06 Soyuz U 1708 Kosmos 2420 6.7 PL 16/2 LEO
06/15/06 Soyuz-U 1709 Resurs DK-1 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO
06/24/06 Soyuz-U 1710 Progress M-57 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO
07/21/06 Molniya M 1711 Kosmos 2422 (Oko) 2.4 PL 16/2 EEO/M
09/14/06 Soyuz-U 1712 Kosmos 2423 6.75 TB 31/6 LEO
09/18/06 Soyuz-FG 1713 Soyuz TMA-9/ISS-13S 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/19/06 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1714 METOP-A (ST16) 4.18 TB 31/6 LEO/S
10/23/06 Soyuz U 1715 Progress M-58 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/24/06 Soyuz 2.1a/Fregat 1716 Meridian (Kosmos) 2.00? PL 43/4 EEO/M
12/27/06 Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat 1717 COROT (ST17) 0.63 TB 31/6 LEO/P
01/18/07 Soyuz-U 1718 Progress M-59/ISS24P 7.4 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/07/07 Soyuz FG 1719 Soyuz TMA-10 (ISS14S) 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/12/07 Soyuz U 1720 Progress M-60/ISS25P 7.28 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/29/07 Soyuz FG/Fregat 1721 4xGlobalstar (ST-18) 1.8 TB 31/6 LEO
06/07/07 Soyuz-U 1722 Kosmos 2427 (Kobolt-M) 6.7 PL 16/2 LEO
08/02/07 Soyuz-U 1723 Progress M-61 (26P) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/14/07 Soyuz-U 1724 Foton M3 6.5 TB 1/5 LEO
10/10/07 Soyuz FG 1725 Soyuz TMA-11 (ISS16S) 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/20/07 Soyuz FG/Fregat 1726 4xGlobalstar (ST-19) 1.8 TB 31/6 LEO
10/23/07 Molniya-M/2BL 1727 Kosmos 2430(Oko) 2.4 PL 16/2 EEO/M
12/14/07 Soyuz FG/Fregat 1728 Radarsat 2 (ST20) 2.2 TB 31/6 LEO/S
12/23/07 Soyuz-U 1729 Progress M-62 7.13 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/05/08 Soyuz U 1730 Progress M-63 7.13 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/08/08 Soyuz FG 1731 Soyuz TMA-12 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/26/08 Soyuz FG/Fregat 1732 GIOVE B (ST-21) 0.5 TB 31/6 MEO
05/14/08 Soyuz U 1733 Progress M-64 (P29) 7.056 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
07/26/08 Soyuz-2.1b 1734 Kosmos 2441 (Persona 1) PL 43/4 LEO/S
09/10/08 Soyuz-U 1735 Progress M-65 (P30) 7.1 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/12/08 Soyuz-FG 1736 Soyuz TMA-13 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/14/08 Soyuz-U 1737 Kosmos 2445 (Kobol't-M) PL 16/2 LEO
11/26/08 Soyuz U 1738 Progress M-1M 7.29 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/02/08 Molniya M 1739 Kosmos 2446 (Oko-2) PL 16/2 EEO/M
02/10/09 Soyuz U 1740 Progress M66/ISS32P 7.25 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
03/26/09 Soyuz FG 1741 Soyuz TMA-14 (ISS18S) 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/29/09 Soyuz-U 1742 Kosmos 2450 (Kobal't-M) PL LEO
05/07/09 Soyuz-U 1743 Progress M-02M/ISS33P 7.12 TB 5/1 LEO/ISS
05/21/09 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1744 Meridan 2 PL 43/4 [EEO] [4]
05/27/09 Soyuz FG 1745 Soyuz TMA 15 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
07/24/09 Soyuz U 1746 Progress M-67 (ISS 34P) 7.285 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/17/09 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1747 Meteor M1 +6microsats 2.7 TB 31/6 LEO/S
09/30/09 Soyuz-FG 1748 Soyuz TMA-16 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/15/09 Soyuz U 1749 Progress M-03M 7.2 TB 5/1 LEO/ISS
11/10/09 Soyuz U 1750 Progress M-MRM2 7.1 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/20/09 Soyuz U 1751 Kosmos 2455 (Lotos-s) 6.9? PL 16/2 LEO
12/20/09 Soyuz FG 1752 Soyuz TMA-17 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/03/10 Soyuz-U 1753 Progress M-04M (36P) 7.4 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/02/10 Soyuz-FG 1754 Soyuz TMA-18 (ISS22S) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/16/10 Soyuz-U 1755 Kosmos 2462 (Kobalt) PL ?? LEO
04/28/10 Soyuz U 1756 Progress M-05M 7.4 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/15/10 Soyuz FG 1757 Soyuz TMA-19 (ISS23S) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/30/10 Soyuz U 1758 Progress M-06M (38P) 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/10/10 Soyuz U 1759 Progress M-07M 7.16 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
09/30/10 Molniya-M 1760 Kosmos 2469 (Oko) 2.4 PL 16/2 EEO/M [5]
10/07/10 Soyuz FG 1761 Soyuz TMA-01M (ISS24S) 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/19/10 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1762 ST22/6xGlobalstar 4.2 TB 31/6 LEO
10/27/10 Soyuz U 1763 Progress M-08M (40P) 7.29 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/02/10 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1764 Meridian 3 ~2.0 PL 43/4 EEO/M
12/15/10 Soyuz FG 1765 Soyuz TMA-20 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
01/28/11 Soyuz-U 1766 Progress M-09M 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/26/11 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1767 Glonass-K 0.94 PL 43/4 MEO
04/04/11 Soyuz-FG 1768 Soyuz TMA-21 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/27/11 Soyuz-U 1769 Progress M-10M 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/04/11 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1770 Meridian PL 43/4 EEO/M
06/07/11 Soyuz FG 1771 Soyuz TMA-02M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/21/11 Soyuz-U 1772 Progress M-11M 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/27/11 Soyuz-U 1773 Kosmos 2472 (Kobalt M) PL 16/2 LEO
07/13/11 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat ST23 6xGlobalstar-2 3.9 TB 31/6 LEO
08/24/11 Soyuz U 1775 Progress M-12M 7.3 TB 1/5 [FTO] [6]
10/02/11 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1776 Glonass M 1.414 PL 43/4 MEO
10/21/11 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1777 VS-01/2xGalileo 1.4 KO ELS MEO
10/30/11 Soyuz U 1778 Progress M-13M (45P) 7.3 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/14/11 Soyuz FG 1779 Soyuz TMA-22 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/27/11 Soyuz 2-1B/Fregat 1780 Glonass-M 1.414 PL 43/4 MEO
12/17/11 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1781 VS-02/6sats 2.1 KO ELS LEO/S
12/21/11 Soyuz FG 1782 Soyuz TMA-03M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
12/23/11 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1783 Meridian PL 43/4 [FTO] [7]
12/28/11 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1784 ST24/6xGlobalstar 4.2 TB 31/6 LEO
01/25/12 Soyuz U 1785 Progress M-14M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/20/12 Soyuz U 1786 Progress M-15M 7.2 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
05/15/12 Soyuz FG 1787 Soyuz TMA-04M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
05/17/12 Soyuz U 1788 Kobalt M 6.7 PL 16/2 LEO
07/15/12 Soyuz FG 1788 Soyuz TMA-05M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
07/22/12 Soyuz FG/Fregat 1789 Konopus-B/MKA-FKI/+3sat TB 31/6 LEO/S
08/01/12 Soyuz U 1790 Progress M-16M 7.1 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
09/17/12 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat ST-25 Metop B 4.085 TB 31/6 LEO/S
10/12/12 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat VS03 IOV-2/Galileo FM3,4 1.4 KO ELS MEO
10/23/12 Soyuz FG 1793 Soyuz TMA-06M 7.2 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
10/31/12 Soyuz U 1794 Progress M-17M 7.1 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/14/12 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1795 Merdian 6 PL 43/3 EEO/M
12/02/12 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat VS04 Pleiades 1B 0.97 KO ELS LEO/S
12/19/12 Soyuz FG 1797 Soyuz TMA-07M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
02/06/13 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat 1799 ST26/6xGlobalstar 4.2 TB 31/6 LEO
02/11/13 Soyuz U 1800 Progress M-18M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
03/28/13 Soyuz FG 1801 Soyuz TMA-08M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/19/13 Soyuz 2-1a 1802 BION-M1 6.5 TB 31/6 LEO
04/24/13 Soyuz U 1803 Progress M-19M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/26/13 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1804 Glonass M 1.415 PL 43/4 MEO
05/28/13 Soyuz FG 1805 Soyuz TMA-09M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/07/13 Soyuz 2-1b 1806 Persona 6.5 PL 43/4 LEO
06/25/13 Soyuz 2-1b 1807 Resurs P1 6.58 TB 31/6 LEO
06/25/13 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1808 VS05/O3b F1 2.8 KO ELS MEO
07/27/13 Soyuz U 1809 Progress M-20M 7.2 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
09/25/13 Soyuz FG 1810 Soyuz TMA-10M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/07/13 Soyuz FG 1811 Soyuz TMA-11M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
11/25/13 Soyuz U 1812 Progress M-21M 7.2 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
12/19/13 Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat 1813 VS06/Gaia 2.034 KO ELS EEO
12/28/13 Soyuz 2-1v/Volga 001 Aist 0.2? PL 43/4 LEO
02/05/14 Soyuz U 1814 Progress M-22M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
03/23/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1815 Glonass M 1.415 PL 43/4 MEO
03/25/14 Soyuz FG 1816 Soyuz TMA-12M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/03/14 Soyuz 2-1a/Fregat VS07 Sentinal 1A 2.3 KO ELS LEO/S
04/09/14 Soyuz U 1818 Progress M-23M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
04/16/14 Soyuz U 1819 Egyptsat 2 1.05 TB 31/6 LEO
05/06/14 Soyuz 2-1a 1820 Kobalt-M 6.7 PL 43/4 LEO
05/28/14 Soyuz FG 1821 Soyuz TMA-13M 7.121 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
06/14/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1822 Glonass M 1.415 PL 43/4 MEO
07/08/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1823 Meteor M2 +6usats 3.332 TB 31/6 LEO/S
07/10/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1824 VS08/O3bF2 2.8 KO ELS MEO
07/18/14 Soyuz 2-1a 1825 Foton M4 6.84 TB 31/6 LEO
07/23/14 Soyuz U 1826 Progress M-24M 7.2 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
08/22/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat VS09 2xGalileo FOC-1 1.466 KO ELS [EEO][8]
09/25/14 Soyuz FG 1828 Soyuz TMA-14M 7.25 TB 1/5 LEO/ISS
10/29/14 Soyuz 2-1A 1829 Progress M-25M 7.29 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
10/30/14 Soyuz 2-1A/Fregat 1830 Meridian 17L ~2.0 PL 43/4 EEO/M
11/23/14 Soyuz FG 1831 Soyuz TMA-15M 7.25 TB 31/6 LEO/ISS
11/30/14 Soyuz 2-1b/Fregat 1832 Glonass K 0.935 PL 43/4 MEO
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[1] Main engine failure 7 seconds after liftoff. Engines cut off about 20 seconds
after liftoff. Fell back near pad and exploded about 40 seconds after launch.
Blast killed 20-year-old soldier Ivan Marchenko and injured eight other solidiers
in processing building 1 km from pad when large glass window was blown in.
[2] Successful Suborbital test flight of first Soyuz-2-1A.
[3] Excessive fuel consumption by the 2nd-stage engine caused
destruction of the engine at T+4m58s, just before planned
stage 2/3 separation. Failed to orbit. First Molniya-M
launch failure since 6/21/90 after 52 consecutive successes.
[4] 321 x 36,461km x 62.8 deg, short of planned 1,000 x 39,800 km x 63 deg 12-hr orbit
Reported early Fregat shutdown 3-5 sec too soon during 3rd and final burn.
Cause traced to bad data about payload input into flight computer.
[5] Final Molniya-M.
[6] Failed to Orbit. 3rd stg propulsion failed T+325 sec. Gas generator fuel blocked.
[7] Failed to Orbit. 3rd stg failure at T+421 sec.
[8] Satellites and Fregat left in 13,720 x 25,920 km x 49.7 deg orbits, far short
of planned 23,522 km x 55.04 deg circular orbits.
References
Soyuz User's Manual, Starsem, April 2001 Last Update: November 30, 2014 |
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During the late 1970s and early
1980s, nearly 60 Soyuz/Molniya rockets were built at the Samara Space Center plant (now
called TsSKB-Progress) in Samara, Russia each year. Even as Semyorka launch rates
exceeded one per week, the rocket's mission reliability improved to better than 0.97,
among the best in the world. 
The basic three stage Soyuz uses the time-tested
Semyorka booster, consisting of a core stage and four strap-on boosters. Each
booster is powered by an RD-107 kerosene/liquid oxygen (LOX) engine (RD-107A for Soyuz-FG
and Soyuz-ST), composed of four fixed thrust chambers and two gimballed verniers. An
RD-108 (or RD-108A), basically an RD-107 with four, instead of two, verniers, powers the
core stage. At liftoff, all 32 thrust chambers ignite to produce nearly 423 tons of
thrust. 
Fregat is powered by the S5.92
storable propellant engine, which burns unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) fuel and
nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer to produce 2 tons of thrust. The engine is capable of
up to 20 restarts during a mission. Fregat can provide more than 880 seconds of burn time.
Soyuz VS01 Launch
Soyuz 2-1v
Soyuz
2-1v Inaugural Launch Success